In general, there are two ways to manufacture CAR-T therapy. Autologous CAR-T is personalized therapy that does not incur GvHD. Because it is derived from patient's own cell and reinjected to the patient. However, manufacturing process takes at least 3 weeks and costs are very expensive. Allogenic CAR-T is universal therapy that require genetically engineering process and mass production is available. Manufacturing process takes approximately 1 week and costs are lower than autologous CAR-T production. Therefore, immediate injection is available for hundreds of patients.
Preventing GvHD and overcoming tumor microenvironment(TME) are key factors to develop allogenic CAR-T therapy. In order to overcome these certain problems, TCR is knockout using CRISPER/CAS9 gene editing technology and immune check receptor, PD-1, is knockdown to induce T cell activation and attack cancer cell continuously.
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